This is a selection of studies on Aspartame.
No need to read them all but interesting enough to scroll down to the bottom of the page...
Health Problem: Brain damage / Cognitive skills disruption / Retardation / Neurochemical changes in the brain / Behavioral and Mood Changes / Problems
Year Published: 1970
Full Reference: Brain Damage in Infant Mice Following Oral Intake of Glutamate, Aspartate, or Cysteine; Nature 1970;227-609-610
Funded By: Washington University
Conclusion/Findings: Irreversible degenerative changes and acute neuronal necrosis
Hyperlink to Study http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v227/n5258/pdf/227609b0.pdf
Year Published: 2008
Full Reference: Direct and Indirect Cellular Effects of Aspartame on the Brain. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 451-462; P. Humphries, E. Pretorius, and H. Naude
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Excessive aspartame ingestion might cause certain mental disorders, as well as compromised learning and emotional functioning
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/aspartamebrain.pdf
Year Published: 2007
Full Reference: Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning During Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats, Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Eva Tibaldi, Davide Degli Esposti, Michelina Lauriola; Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(9) Sep 2007; 115:1293-1297. doi:10.1289/ehp.10271.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Carcinogenicity proven a second time; with effects increased when exposure to aspartame begins during fetal life.
Hyperlink to Study: http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1289/ehp.10271
Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Effects of Aspartame and Glucose on Rat Brain Amino Acids and Serotonin. Yokogoshi H, Roberst CH, Caballero B, Wurtman RJ. American Journal of clinical Nutrition. 1984 July, 40(1):1-7
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: High aspartame doses can generate major neurochemical changes in rats, especially when consumed along with carbohydrate-containing foods
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6204522
Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Revelance of Animal Studies to Human Safety. Olney, JW. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. 1984; 6:455-462
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Excitotoxins, as used in foods today, may produce blood elevations high enough to cause damage to the nervous system of young children, damage which is not detectable at the time of occurrence but which may give rise to subtle disturbances in neuroendocrine function in adolescence and/or adulthood.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6152304
Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There a Link to Aspartame? Olney JW, Farber NB, Spitznagel E, Robins LN. Journal of Neuropatholgy & Experimental Neurology. 1996 Nov; 55(11):1115-23
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Brain tumor incidence in the US implicates the introduction of aspartame into the American diet.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8939194
Year Published: 2000
Full Reference: Glutamate and Aspartate Impair Memory Retention and Damage Hypothalamic Neurons in Adult Mice. Cheol Hyoung Park, Se Hoon Coi, et al. Toxicology Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 2, May 19, 2000, pp. 117-125
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Found that aspartate shortens the memory response, impairs memory retention and damages hypothalamic neurons in mice
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TCR-408BJC1-4&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F19%2F2000
Year Published: 2002
Full Reference: Effect of Aspartame on N-Methyl-D Asparate Sensitive L-(311) Glutamate Binding Sites in Rat Brain Synpatic Membranes, AV Glushakov, DM Dennis, et al. Molecular Psychiatry, 2002, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 359-367.
Funded By: University of Florida
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that aspartate has a role in causing mental retardation, but the mechanism by which it does that is still unknown.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v7/n4/full/4000976a.html
Year Published: 2006
Full Reference: The Effect of Aspartame Metabolites on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Stylianos Tsakiris, Aglaia Giannoulia-Karantana, et al., Pharmacological Research, Volv. 53, Issue 1, Jan. 2006. pp. 1-5.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Found that high concentrations of aspartame can cause neurological symptoms, including memory and learning problems.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16129618
Year Published: 2008
Full Reference: Direct and Indirect Cellular Effects of Aspartame on the Brain, P Humphries, E Pretorius and H Naude, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 2008, 62, 451-462
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Asserts that excessive aspartame ingestion might be involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR 2000) and also in compromised learning and emotional functioning.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v62/n4/abs/1602866a.html
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Evaluation of Reactions to Food Additives: The Aspartame Experience. MK Bradstock, MK Serdula, JS Marks, RJ Barnard, Nt Crane, PL Remington and FL Trowbridge. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 43, pp. 464-469, 1986
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Identified some case reports in which the symptoms may be attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed amounts. Headache, mood alterations (anxiety, agitation, irritability, or depression), insomnia, dizziness, and fatigue were the most frequently reported symptoms, with one case of a child in a double-blind test who became hyperactive after consuming products with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/43/3/464 and http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/3/464
Year Published: 1990Full Reference: Aspartame: Clinical Update, Potenza DP, el-Mallakh RS, Connecticut Medicine, 1990 Apr;54(4):235-6.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Raises concern that so many reports of headaches, seizures, blindness, and cognitive and behavioral changes with long-term, high-dose aspartame have been reported that health officials need to be concerned.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667892
Year Published: 1993
Full Reference: Adverse Reactions to Aspartame: Double-Blind Challenge in Patients from a Vulnerable Population. Ralph G. Walton, Robert Hudak, Ruth J. Green-Waite. Psychiatry. July 1, 1993. Vol. 34, Issue 1, pp. 13-17.
Funded By: Dept. of Psychiatry Northeastern Ohio,Universities College of Medicine and University Hospital of Cleveland
Conclusion/Findings: Found that individuals with mood disorders are particularly sensitive to this artificial sweetener and its use in this population should be discouraged. In the clinical study, the project was halted by the Institutional Review Board after a total of 13 individuals had completed the study because of the severity of reactions within the group of patients with a history of depression Hyperlink to Study: http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/0006-3223%2893%2990251-8/abstract
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Seizure and Mania After High Intake of Aspartame
Funded By: Jamestown General Hospital, Jamestown, New York
Conclusion/Findings: Case report of a woman who drank in excessive of 1 gallon per day of iced tea sweetened with aspartame, resulting in manic episode and seizure that led to hospitalization.
Hyperlink to Study: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pdf_extract/27/3/218
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Effect of Aspartame and Protein, Administered in Phenylalanine-Equivalent Doses, on Plasma Neutral Amino Acids, Aspartate, Insulin and Glucose in Man, Svend E. Moller; Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vol. 68, Issue 5, pp. 408-412.
Funded By: Clinical Research Laboratory, Denmark
Conclusion/Findings: The study showed that the intake of aspartame in a not unrealistically high dose produced a marked and persistent increase of the availability of Phe to the brain, which was not observed after protein intake. The study indicated, furthermore, that Phe was cleared faster from the plasma after consumption of protein compared with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122214234/abstract
Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Effects of Diets High in Sucrose or Aspartame on the Behavior and Cognitive Performance of Children. Mark L. Wolraich, Scott D. Lingren, et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 3, 1994; pp. 330:301-307
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Reported that it is possible that there are some children who respond adversely to sugar or aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199402033300501#articleResults
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Loss of Intellectual Function in Children with Phenylketonuria After Relaxation of Dietary Phenylalanine Restriction, Margretta R. Seashore, Estelle Friedman, Robert A. Novelly P, Vijaya Bapat MD. Pediatrics vol. 75, No. 2, Feb. 1985, pp. 226-232
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Shows decrease in intellectual function in children with PKU who have phenylalnine introduced into their diets.
Hyperlink to Study: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/75/2/226
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Aspartame Effects on Brain Serotonin, RI Wurtman, Letter in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1987 April; 45(4):799-803
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Argues that using rodents to disprove aspartame’s harm to humans is not relevant, and that it reacts more negatively in humans than in mice
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/45/4/799.pdf
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Acute Effects of Oral or Parenteral Aspartame on Catecholamine Metabolism in Various Regions of Rat Brain, Hidehiko Yokogoshi and Richard J. Wurtman, The Journal of Nutrition, November 1986
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Found higher plasma tyrosine and phenylalanine ratios and other effects on the brain.
Hyperlink to Study: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/116/3/356
Year Published: 1992
Full Reference: Aspartame Exacerbates EEG Spike Wave Discharge in Children with Generalized Absence Epilepsy, PR Camfield, CS Camfield, JM Dooley, et al;
Funded By: Ontario Ministry of Health
Conclusion/Findings: Neurology 1992:42:1000
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/5/1000
Year Published: 1993
Full Reference: The Effect of Food Chemicals on Cell Aging of Human Diploid Cells in Vitro Culture, Kasamaki A and Urasawa S, The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 1993 Aug; 18(3):143-53
Funded By: Toxicological Sciences, 1993 Aug; 18(3):143-53. Sapporo
Conclusion/Findings: Showed aging of cells when treated with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8246307
Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Neuropharmacological Evaltuation of Movement Disorders that are Adverse Reactions to Specific Foods Including Aspartame, John W. Gerrard, J Steven Richardson and Jeffrey Donat; International Journal of Neuroscience, 1994, Vol. 76, No. 1-2, pp. 61-69
Funded By: University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that in susceptible individuals, certain foods or additives, including aspartame, can trigger movement disorders through an action on dopamine and other neurotransmitter pathways in the brain.
Hyperlink to Study: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00207459408985992
Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: Effects of Aspartame on 45 CA Influx and LDH Leakage from Nerve Cells in Culture, Sonnewald U, Unsgard G, Petersen SB; Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, 1995, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Funded By: Research Council of Norway
Conclusion/Findings: Showed signs of severe cell damage and other neurological events with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study:http://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Abstract/1995/01000/Effects_of_aspartame_on_45Ca_influx_and_LDH.23.aspx
Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There A Link to Aspartame? JW Olney, Nuri B Farber, et al.; Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Nov. 1996, Vol. 55, Issue 11
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Evidence implicates aspartame as a causative agent of high incidence of brain tumors in aspartame-fed rats.
Hyperlink to Study:http://journals.lww.com/jneuropath/Abstract/1996/11000/Increasing_Brain_Tumor_Rates__Is_There_a_Link_to.2.aspx
Year Published: 1998
Full Reference: Formaldehyde Derived from Dietary Aspartame Binds to Tissues Components in Vivo, C. Trocho, R. Pardo, I. Rafecas, et al
Funded By: University of Barcelona, Spain
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that aspartame consumption may constitute a hazard because of its contribution to the formation of formaldehyde adducts.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.wnho.net/formaldehyde_from_aspartame.pdf
Full Reference: Brain Damage in Infant Mice Following Oral Intake of Glutamate, Aspartate, or Cysteine; Nature 1970;227-609-610
Funded By: Washington University
Conclusion/Findings: Irreversible degenerative changes and acute neuronal necrosis
Hyperlink to Study http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v227/n5258/pdf/227609b0.pdf
Year Published: 2008
Full Reference: Direct and Indirect Cellular Effects of Aspartame on the Brain. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 451-462; P. Humphries, E. Pretorius, and H. Naude
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Excessive aspartame ingestion might cause certain mental disorders, as well as compromised learning and emotional functioning
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/aspartamebrain.pdf
Year Published: 2007
Full Reference: Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning During Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats, Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Eva Tibaldi, Davide Degli Esposti, Michelina Lauriola; Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(9) Sep 2007; 115:1293-1297. doi:10.1289/ehp.10271.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Carcinogenicity proven a second time; with effects increased when exposure to aspartame begins during fetal life.
Hyperlink to Study: http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1289/ehp.10271
Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Effects of Aspartame and Glucose on Rat Brain Amino Acids and Serotonin. Yokogoshi H, Roberst CH, Caballero B, Wurtman RJ. American Journal of clinical Nutrition. 1984 July, 40(1):1-7
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: High aspartame doses can generate major neurochemical changes in rats, especially when consumed along with carbohydrate-containing foods
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6204522
Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Revelance of Animal Studies to Human Safety. Olney, JW. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. 1984; 6:455-462
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Excitotoxins, as used in foods today, may produce blood elevations high enough to cause damage to the nervous system of young children, damage which is not detectable at the time of occurrence but which may give rise to subtle disturbances in neuroendocrine function in adolescence and/or adulthood.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6152304
Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There a Link to Aspartame? Olney JW, Farber NB, Spitznagel E, Robins LN. Journal of Neuropatholgy & Experimental Neurology. 1996 Nov; 55(11):1115-23
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Brain tumor incidence in the US implicates the introduction of aspartame into the American diet.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8939194
Year Published: 2000
Full Reference: Glutamate and Aspartate Impair Memory Retention and Damage Hypothalamic Neurons in Adult Mice. Cheol Hyoung Park, Se Hoon Coi, et al. Toxicology Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 2, May 19, 2000, pp. 117-125
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Found that aspartate shortens the memory response, impairs memory retention and damages hypothalamic neurons in mice
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TCR-408BJC1-4&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F19%2F2000
Year Published: 2002
Full Reference: Effect of Aspartame on N-Methyl-D Asparate Sensitive L-(311) Glutamate Binding Sites in Rat Brain Synpatic Membranes, AV Glushakov, DM Dennis, et al. Molecular Psychiatry, 2002, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 359-367.
Funded By: University of Florida
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that aspartate has a role in causing mental retardation, but the mechanism by which it does that is still unknown.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v7/n4/full/4000976a.html
Year Published: 2006
Full Reference: The Effect of Aspartame Metabolites on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Stylianos Tsakiris, Aglaia Giannoulia-Karantana, et al., Pharmacological Research, Volv. 53, Issue 1, Jan. 2006. pp. 1-5.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Found that high concentrations of aspartame can cause neurological symptoms, including memory and learning problems.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16129618
Year Published: 2008
Full Reference: Direct and Indirect Cellular Effects of Aspartame on the Brain, P Humphries, E Pretorius and H Naude, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 2008, 62, 451-462
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Asserts that excessive aspartame ingestion might be involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR 2000) and also in compromised learning and emotional functioning.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v62/n4/abs/1602866a.html
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Evaluation of Reactions to Food Additives: The Aspartame Experience. MK Bradstock, MK Serdula, JS Marks, RJ Barnard, Nt Crane, PL Remington and FL Trowbridge. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 43, pp. 464-469, 1986
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Identified some case reports in which the symptoms may be attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed amounts. Headache, mood alterations (anxiety, agitation, irritability, or depression), insomnia, dizziness, and fatigue were the most frequently reported symptoms, with one case of a child in a double-blind test who became hyperactive after consuming products with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/43/3/464 and http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/3/464
Year Published: 1990Full Reference: Aspartame: Clinical Update, Potenza DP, el-Mallakh RS, Connecticut Medicine, 1990 Apr;54(4):235-6.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Raises concern that so many reports of headaches, seizures, blindness, and cognitive and behavioral changes with long-term, high-dose aspartame have been reported that health officials need to be concerned.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667892
Year Published: 1993
Full Reference: Adverse Reactions to Aspartame: Double-Blind Challenge in Patients from a Vulnerable Population. Ralph G. Walton, Robert Hudak, Ruth J. Green-Waite. Psychiatry. July 1, 1993. Vol. 34, Issue 1, pp. 13-17.
Funded By: Dept. of Psychiatry Northeastern Ohio,Universities College of Medicine and University Hospital of Cleveland
Conclusion/Findings: Found that individuals with mood disorders are particularly sensitive to this artificial sweetener and its use in this population should be discouraged. In the clinical study, the project was halted by the Institutional Review Board after a total of 13 individuals had completed the study because of the severity of reactions within the group of patients with a history of depression Hyperlink to Study: http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/0006-3223%2893%2990251-8/abstract
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Seizure and Mania After High Intake of Aspartame
Funded By: Jamestown General Hospital, Jamestown, New York
Conclusion/Findings: Case report of a woman who drank in excessive of 1 gallon per day of iced tea sweetened with aspartame, resulting in manic episode and seizure that led to hospitalization.
Hyperlink to Study: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pdf_extract/27/3/218
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Effect of Aspartame and Protein, Administered in Phenylalanine-Equivalent Doses, on Plasma Neutral Amino Acids, Aspartate, Insulin and Glucose in Man, Svend E. Moller; Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vol. 68, Issue 5, pp. 408-412.
Funded By: Clinical Research Laboratory, Denmark
Conclusion/Findings: The study showed that the intake of aspartame in a not unrealistically high dose produced a marked and persistent increase of the availability of Phe to the brain, which was not observed after protein intake. The study indicated, furthermore, that Phe was cleared faster from the plasma after consumption of protein compared with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122214234/abstract
Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Effects of Diets High in Sucrose or Aspartame on the Behavior and Cognitive Performance of Children. Mark L. Wolraich, Scott D. Lingren, et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 3, 1994; pp. 330:301-307
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Reported that it is possible that there are some children who respond adversely to sugar or aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199402033300501#articleResults
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Loss of Intellectual Function in Children with Phenylketonuria After Relaxation of Dietary Phenylalanine Restriction, Margretta R. Seashore, Estelle Friedman, Robert A. Novelly P, Vijaya Bapat MD. Pediatrics vol. 75, No. 2, Feb. 1985, pp. 226-232
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Shows decrease in intellectual function in children with PKU who have phenylalnine introduced into their diets.
Hyperlink to Study: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/75/2/226
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Aspartame Effects on Brain Serotonin, RI Wurtman, Letter in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1987 April; 45(4):799-803
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Argues that using rodents to disprove aspartame’s harm to humans is not relevant, and that it reacts more negatively in humans than in mice
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/45/4/799.pdf
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Acute Effects of Oral or Parenteral Aspartame on Catecholamine Metabolism in Various Regions of Rat Brain, Hidehiko Yokogoshi and Richard J. Wurtman, The Journal of Nutrition, November 1986
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Found higher plasma tyrosine and phenylalanine ratios and other effects on the brain.
Hyperlink to Study: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/116/3/356
Year Published: 1992
Full Reference: Aspartame Exacerbates EEG Spike Wave Discharge in Children with Generalized Absence Epilepsy, PR Camfield, CS Camfield, JM Dooley, et al;
Funded By: Ontario Ministry of Health
Conclusion/Findings: Neurology 1992:42:1000
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/5/1000
Year Published: 1993
Full Reference: The Effect of Food Chemicals on Cell Aging of Human Diploid Cells in Vitro Culture, Kasamaki A and Urasawa S, The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 1993 Aug; 18(3):143-53
Funded By: Toxicological Sciences, 1993 Aug; 18(3):143-53. Sapporo
Conclusion/Findings: Showed aging of cells when treated with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8246307
Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Neuropharmacological Evaltuation of Movement Disorders that are Adverse Reactions to Specific Foods Including Aspartame, John W. Gerrard, J Steven Richardson and Jeffrey Donat; International Journal of Neuroscience, 1994, Vol. 76, No. 1-2, pp. 61-69
Funded By: University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that in susceptible individuals, certain foods or additives, including aspartame, can trigger movement disorders through an action on dopamine and other neurotransmitter pathways in the brain.
Hyperlink to Study: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00207459408985992
Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: Effects of Aspartame on 45 CA Influx and LDH Leakage from Nerve Cells in Culture, Sonnewald U, Unsgard G, Petersen SB; Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, 1995, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Funded By: Research Council of Norway
Conclusion/Findings: Showed signs of severe cell damage and other neurological events with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study:http://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Abstract/1995/01000/Effects_of_aspartame_on_45Ca_influx_and_LDH.23.aspx
Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There A Link to Aspartame? JW Olney, Nuri B Farber, et al.; Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Nov. 1996, Vol. 55, Issue 11
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Evidence implicates aspartame as a causative agent of high incidence of brain tumors in aspartame-fed rats.
Hyperlink to Study:http://journals.lww.com/jneuropath/Abstract/1996/11000/Increasing_Brain_Tumor_Rates__Is_There_a_Link_to.2.aspx
Year Published: 1998
Full Reference: Formaldehyde Derived from Dietary Aspartame Binds to Tissues Components in Vivo, C. Trocho, R. Pardo, I. Rafecas, et al
Funded By: University of Barcelona, Spain
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that aspartame consumption may constitute a hazard because of its contribution to the formation of formaldehyde adducts.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.wnho.net/formaldehyde_from_aspartame.pdf
Health Problem: Headache / Migraines
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Aspartame: Possible Effect on Seizure Susceptibility. Wurtman, RJ. Lancet. Vol. 2, no. 8463, 1060 p. 1985
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Woman who drank large amounts of Diet Coke and other aspartame-flavored beverages experienced headaches, nausea, visual hallucinations, and a grand-mal seizure.
Hyperlink to Study: http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=1354938&q=Aspartame%3A+Possible+Effects+on+Seizure+Suspectibility&
uid=789675711&setcookie=yes
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: The Effect of Aspartame on Migraine Headache. Shirley M. Koehler, Alan Glaros. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. Vol 28, Issue 1, Nov. 12, 1987
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Ingestion of aspartame by migraine sufferers causes significant increases in headache frequency
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119449495/abstract
Year Published: 1998
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache. Richard B. Lipton, MD, Lawrence C. Newman, MD, Joel S. Cohen, MD, Seymour Solomon, MD. The Journal of Head and Face Pain. Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 90-92. Sept. 1998
Funded By
Conclusion/Findings: Finds that aspartame may be an important dietary trigger of headache in some people.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119429393/abstract
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Platelet Glycine, Glutamate and Aspartate in Primary Headache, D'Andrea, G., et al., 1991. Cephalalgia, Vol. 11, pp. 197-200.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: High levels of these amino acids were found in patients with migraine with aura compared to normal subjects and other headache groups
Hyperlink to Study: http://cep.sagepub.com/content/11/4/197.abstract
Year Published: 1997
Full Reference: Chewing Gum Headaches, Blumenthal, H.J., D.A. Vance, Headache, Volume 37, Number 10, pages 665-666. 1997
Funded By: Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa
Conclusion/Findings: Chewing gum with aspartame provokes headaches
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119166706/abstract
Year Published: 2003
Full Reference: The Diet Factor in Pediatric and Adolescent Migraine, Millichap JG, Yee MM. Pediatric Neurology, 2003 Jan;28(1):9-15
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame is one of the substances that trigger migraines in children and adolescents
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.drcordas.com/education/Headaches/1doc.pdf
Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Aspartame Ingestion and Headaches: a Randomized Crossover Trial. S. K. Van Den Eeden, PhD, T. D. Koepsell, MD, MPH, W. T. Longstreth, Jr., MD, MPH, G. van Belle, PhD, J. R. Daling, PhD and B. McKnight, PhD, American Academy of Neurology, Neurology. 1994;44:1787
Funded By: University of Washington
Conclusion/Findings: This experiment provides evidence that, among individuals with self-reported headaches after ingestion of aspartame, a subset of this group report more headaches when tested under controlled conditions. It appears that some people are particularly susceptible to headaches caused by aspartame and may want to limit their consumption.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/10/1787?ijkey=4b59bcfcba6c01af70844762469ca00f7f358c5f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: The Concept of Migraine as a State of Central Neuronal Hyperexcitability, KMA Welch, et all, 1990. Headache, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp 817-828.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Finds that aspartate can cause migraine with aura associated with a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1979655
Year Published: 2001
Full Reference: Migraine MLT-Down: An Unusual Presentation of Migraine in Patients with Aspartame-Triggered Headaches. Lawrence C. Newman, Richard B. Lipton, Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Vol. 41, Issue 9, pp. 899-901
Funded By: The Headache Institute, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that aspartame may trigger headaches in susceptible individuals, and can worsen an ongoing attack of migraine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120697481/abstract
Year Published: 1988
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache, Richard B. Lipton, Lawrence C. Newman, Joel S. Cohen, Seymour Solomon, Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 90-92
Funded By: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that some patients with migraines reported aspartame as a trigger three times more often than those with other types of headache.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119429393/abstract
Health Problem: Increase in hunger, body weight, BMI
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Chen, L. N., and Parham, E. S. “College Students’Use of High-Intensity Sweeteners Is Not Consistently Associated with Sugar Consumption.” J Am Diet Assoc. 91(1991): 686–90
Funded By: Department of Human and Family Resources at Northern Illinois University
Conclusion/Findings: In a study of high-intensity artificial sweeteners performed on college students, there was no evidence that artificial sweetener use was associated with a decrease in their overall sugar intake. These results indicate that eating arti ficial sweeteners simply perpetuates a craving for sweets, and overall sugar consumption is not reduced—leading to further problems controlling your weight
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2040783
Year Published: 2005
Full Reference: “New Analysis Suggests ‘Diet Soda Paradox’ – Less Sugar, More Weight.” UT Health Center San Antonio Press Release. June 14, 2005 · Volume: XXXVIII · Issue: 24
Funded By: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Conclusion/Findings: In 2005, data gathered from the 25-year long San Antonio Heart Study also showed that drinking diet soft drinks increased the likelihood of serious weight gain – far more so than regular soda.
According to Sharon Fowler, M.P.H:
“On average, for each diet soft drink our participants drank per day, they were 65 percent more likely to become overweight during the next seven to eight years, and 41 percent more likely to become obese.”
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat2.asp?newID=1539
Year Published: 2004
Full Reference: “A Pavlovian Approach to the Problem of Obesity,” Davidson, TL and Swithers Se, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2004 Jul;28(7):933-5.
Funded By: Department of Psychological Science, Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University
Conclusion/Findings: Found that rats fed artificially sweetened liquids ate more high-calorie food than rats fed high-caloric sweetened liquids. The researchers believe the experience of drinking artificially sweetened liquids disrupted the animals' natural ability to compensate for the calories in the food.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=933[page]+AND+2004/07[pdat]+AND+Davidson[author]&cmd=detailssearch
Year Published: 1988
Full Reference: Uncoupling Sweet Taste and Calories, Comparison of Glucose and Three Intense Sweeteners on Hunger and Food Intake. Peter J. Rogers, Jo-ASnne Carlyle, Andrew J. Hill and John E. Blundell. Physiology & Behavior. Vol. 43; Issue 5, 1988. pp. 547-552
Funded By: Biopsychology Group, Psychology Dept., University of Leeds, Leeds UK
Conclusion/Findings: Intense sweeteners can produce significant changes in appetite, with aspartame causing the most pronounced effects.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3200909
Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: Oral Stimulation with Aspartame Increases Hunger, Michael G. Tordoff and Annette M. Alleva, Physiology & Behavior, Vol. 47, Issue 3, March 1990; pp. 555-559.
Funded By: Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that aspartame can increase the feeling of hunger
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2359769
Year Published: 2010
Full Reference: Gain Weight by “Going Diet?” Artificial Sweeteners and the Neurobiology of Sugar Cravings. Qing Yang, Yale Journal of Biological Medicine, 2010 June; 83(2): 101-108. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
Funded By: Yale University
Conclusion/Findings: Several large scale prospective cohort studies found positive correlation between artificial sweetener use and weight gain. When matched for initial body mass index (BMI), gender, ethnicity, and diet, drinkers of artificially sweetened beverages consistently had higher BMIs. Similar observations have been reported in children. Artificial sweeteners, precisely because they are sweet, encourage sugar craving and sugar dependence.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892765/?tool=pubmed
Full Reference: Aspartame: Possible Effect on Seizure Susceptibility. Wurtman, RJ. Lancet. Vol. 2, no. 8463, 1060 p. 1985
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Woman who drank large amounts of Diet Coke and other aspartame-flavored beverages experienced headaches, nausea, visual hallucinations, and a grand-mal seizure.
Hyperlink to Study: http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=1354938&q=Aspartame%3A+Possible+Effects+on+Seizure+Suspectibility&
uid=789675711&setcookie=yes
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: The Effect of Aspartame on Migraine Headache. Shirley M. Koehler, Alan Glaros. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. Vol 28, Issue 1, Nov. 12, 1987
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Ingestion of aspartame by migraine sufferers causes significant increases in headache frequency
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119449495/abstract
Year Published: 1998
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache. Richard B. Lipton, MD, Lawrence C. Newman, MD, Joel S. Cohen, MD, Seymour Solomon, MD. The Journal of Head and Face Pain. Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 90-92. Sept. 1998
Funded By
Conclusion/Findings: Finds that aspartame may be an important dietary trigger of headache in some people.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119429393/abstract
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Platelet Glycine, Glutamate and Aspartate in Primary Headache, D'Andrea, G., et al., 1991. Cephalalgia, Vol. 11, pp. 197-200.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: High levels of these amino acids were found in patients with migraine with aura compared to normal subjects and other headache groups
Hyperlink to Study: http://cep.sagepub.com/content/11/4/197.abstract
Year Published: 1997
Full Reference: Chewing Gum Headaches, Blumenthal, H.J., D.A. Vance, Headache, Volume 37, Number 10, pages 665-666. 1997
Funded By: Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa
Conclusion/Findings: Chewing gum with aspartame provokes headaches
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119166706/abstract
Year Published: 2003
Full Reference: The Diet Factor in Pediatric and Adolescent Migraine, Millichap JG, Yee MM. Pediatric Neurology, 2003 Jan;28(1):9-15
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame is one of the substances that trigger migraines in children and adolescents
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.drcordas.com/education/Headaches/1doc.pdf
Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Aspartame Ingestion and Headaches: a Randomized Crossover Trial. S. K. Van Den Eeden, PhD, T. D. Koepsell, MD, MPH, W. T. Longstreth, Jr., MD, MPH, G. van Belle, PhD, J. R. Daling, PhD and B. McKnight, PhD, American Academy of Neurology, Neurology. 1994;44:1787
Funded By: University of Washington
Conclusion/Findings: This experiment provides evidence that, among individuals with self-reported headaches after ingestion of aspartame, a subset of this group report more headaches when tested under controlled conditions. It appears that some people are particularly susceptible to headaches caused by aspartame and may want to limit their consumption.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/10/1787?ijkey=4b59bcfcba6c01af70844762469ca00f7f358c5f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: The Concept of Migraine as a State of Central Neuronal Hyperexcitability, KMA Welch, et all, 1990. Headache, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp 817-828.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Finds that aspartate can cause migraine with aura associated with a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1979655
Year Published: 2001
Full Reference: Migraine MLT-Down: An Unusual Presentation of Migraine in Patients with Aspartame-Triggered Headaches. Lawrence C. Newman, Richard B. Lipton, Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Vol. 41, Issue 9, pp. 899-901
Funded By: The Headache Institute, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that aspartame may trigger headaches in susceptible individuals, and can worsen an ongoing attack of migraine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120697481/abstract
Year Published: 1988
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache, Richard B. Lipton, Lawrence C. Newman, Joel S. Cohen, Seymour Solomon, Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 90-92
Funded By: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that some patients with migraines reported aspartame as a trigger three times more often than those with other types of headache.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119429393/abstract
Health Problem: Increase in hunger, body weight, BMI
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Chen, L. N., and Parham, E. S. “College Students’Use of High-Intensity Sweeteners Is Not Consistently Associated with Sugar Consumption.” J Am Diet Assoc. 91(1991): 686–90
Funded By: Department of Human and Family Resources at Northern Illinois University
Conclusion/Findings: In a study of high-intensity artificial sweeteners performed on college students, there was no evidence that artificial sweetener use was associated with a decrease in their overall sugar intake. These results indicate that eating arti ficial sweeteners simply perpetuates a craving for sweets, and overall sugar consumption is not reduced—leading to further problems controlling your weight
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2040783
Year Published: 2005
Full Reference: “New Analysis Suggests ‘Diet Soda Paradox’ – Less Sugar, More Weight.” UT Health Center San Antonio Press Release. June 14, 2005 · Volume: XXXVIII · Issue: 24
Funded By: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Conclusion/Findings: In 2005, data gathered from the 25-year long San Antonio Heart Study also showed that drinking diet soft drinks increased the likelihood of serious weight gain – far more so than regular soda.
According to Sharon Fowler, M.P.H:
“On average, for each diet soft drink our participants drank per day, they were 65 percent more likely to become overweight during the next seven to eight years, and 41 percent more likely to become obese.”
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat2.asp?newID=1539
Year Published: 2004
Full Reference: “A Pavlovian Approach to the Problem of Obesity,” Davidson, TL and Swithers Se, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2004 Jul;28(7):933-5.
Funded By: Department of Psychological Science, Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University
Conclusion/Findings: Found that rats fed artificially sweetened liquids ate more high-calorie food than rats fed high-caloric sweetened liquids. The researchers believe the experience of drinking artificially sweetened liquids disrupted the animals' natural ability to compensate for the calories in the food.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=933[page]+AND+2004/07[pdat]+AND+Davidson[author]&cmd=detailssearch
Year Published: 1988
Full Reference: Uncoupling Sweet Taste and Calories, Comparison of Glucose and Three Intense Sweeteners on Hunger and Food Intake. Peter J. Rogers, Jo-ASnne Carlyle, Andrew J. Hill and John E. Blundell. Physiology & Behavior. Vol. 43; Issue 5, 1988. pp. 547-552
Funded By: Biopsychology Group, Psychology Dept., University of Leeds, Leeds UK
Conclusion/Findings: Intense sweeteners can produce significant changes in appetite, with aspartame causing the most pronounced effects.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3200909
Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: Oral Stimulation with Aspartame Increases Hunger, Michael G. Tordoff and Annette M. Alleva, Physiology & Behavior, Vol. 47, Issue 3, March 1990; pp. 555-559.
Funded By: Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that aspartame can increase the feeling of hunger
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2359769
Year Published: 2010
Full Reference: Gain Weight by “Going Diet?” Artificial Sweeteners and the Neurobiology of Sugar Cravings. Qing Yang, Yale Journal of Biological Medicine, 2010 June; 83(2): 101-108. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
Funded By: Yale University
Conclusion/Findings: Several large scale prospective cohort studies found positive correlation between artificial sweetener use and weight gain. When matched for initial body mass index (BMI), gender, ethnicity, and diet, drinkers of artificially sweetened beverages consistently had higher BMIs. Similar observations have been reported in children. Artificial sweeteners, precisely because they are sweet, encourage sugar craving and sugar dependence.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892765/?tool=pubmed
Other Health Problems: Multiple symptoms including retinal damage, disruption of odor-associated learning, miscellaneous toxicity problems, elevations in plasma, pre-term delivery, rise in serum methanol
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: A Metabolite of Aspartame Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Grobelny D, Galardy RE. Biochemical & BioPhysical Research Communications. 1985: 128(2):960-964.
Funded By: University of Kentucky
Conclusion/Findings: Possibility exists that consuming large amounts of aspartame inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986632
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Serum Methanol Concentrations in Rats and in Men after a Single Dose of Aspartame," Davoli, E., et al., 1986. Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 187-189
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Both treatments caused a temporary rise in serum methanol. Methanol is a highly toxic alcohol commonly found in automobile windshield washer solvent, gas line antifreeze, copy machine fluid, fuel for small stoves, paint strippers, and as an industrial solvent.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3957170
Year Published: 1977
Full Reference: Effect of a Dipeptide, Aspartame, on Lactic Acid Production in Human Whole Saliva. Y. Mishiro and H. Kaneko. Journal of Dental Research, 1977 56(11):1427
Funded By: Nippon Dental University, Japan
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame affects levels of saliva lactation and pH levels.
Hyperlink to Study: http://jdr.sagepub.com/content/56/11/1427.full.pdf
Year Published: 2010
Full Reference: Intake of Artificially Sweetened Soft Drinks and Risk of Preterm Delivery: a Prospective Cohort Study of 59,334 Danish Pregnant Women. Halldorsson TI, Strom M, Petersen SB, Olsen SF, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 30, 2010
Funded By: Center for Fetal Programming, Division of Epidemiology, Statens serum Institute, Denmark
Conclusion/Findings: There was an association between intake of artificially sweetened carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and an increased risk of preterm delivery.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592133
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Effects of Oral Aspartame on Plasma Phenylalanine in Humans and Experimental Rodents, RJ Wurtman and TJ Maher. Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol. 70, Nos. 1-2, March 1987, pp. 169-173
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame causes greater elevations in plasma phenylalanine than plasma tyrosine in humans.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.springerlink.com/content/l148w94568vt33hw/
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Acute Effects of Aspartame on Systolic Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. P.J. Kiritsy and T.J. Maher. Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol 66, No. 2, June 1986, pp 121-128
Funded By: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Science, Boston
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame elevates blood and brain tyrosine levels, and cause neurochemical changes that lead to tyrosine-induced drop in blood pressure.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p33231m752721l5x/?p=41116b2cb5284004987aaa24f8a945c9&pi=37
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Aspartame-Induced Uricaria. Anthony Kulczycki Jr., M.D. Annals of Internal Medicine. Feb. 1, 1986. Volv 104. No 2. pp. 207-208
Funded By: Grant support NIH.
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame-induced urticaria confirmed by double-blind challenge.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.annals.org/content/104/2/207.extract
Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Behavioral Assessment of the Toxicity of Aspartame, Mark D. Holder, Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, Vol. 32, pp. 17-26
Funded By: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Conclusion/Findings: Found that aspartame may have adverse effects when intrapeitoneally injected.
Hyperlink to Study: http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msrazy/PDF/HolderPBB89.pdf
Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Impaired Performance on Odor-Aversion Testing Following Prenatal Aspartame Exposure in the Guinea Pig, Diana L. Dow-Edwards, Louise A. Scribani and Edward P. Riley, Neuurotoxicity and Teratology, Vol. 11, Issue 4, July-August 1989, pp. 413-416
Funded By: Dept. of Neurosurgery State University, New York
Conclusion/Findings: These data indicate that aspartame exposure at 500 mg/kg throughout gestation disrupts odor-associative learning in 15-day-old guinea pigs.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2796897
Year Published: 2006
Full Reference: Aspartame Products as a Potential Danger to Infants, Children & Future Generations, Dr. HJ Roberts, director, Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame causes a variety of disease in children including headaches, convulsions, unexplained visual loss, rashes, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, obesity, marked weight loss, hypoglycemia, diabetes, addiction (probably largely due to the methyl alcohol), hyperthyroidism, and a host of neuropsychiatric features. The latter include extreme fatigue, irritability, hyperactivity, depression, antisocial behavior (including suicide), poor school performance, the deterioration of intelligence, and brain tumors.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.rense.com/general70/duut.htm
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Plasma Amino Acid Levels After Single Dose Aspartame Consumption in Phenylketonuria Mild II Hyperphenylalaninemia and Heterozygous State for Phenylkeonuria. The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 668-671, October 1986.Benjamin Caballero, Barbara E. Mahon, Frances J. Rohr, Harvey L. Levy, and Richard J. Wurtman. M.D
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Plasma phenylalanine concentrations may increase to unacceptable levels when patients with PKU on phenylalanine-restricted diets consume aspartame-containing soft drinks or after loading doses of the sweetener
Hyperlink to Study: http://wurtmanlab.mit.edu/static/pdf/673.pdf
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Aspartame-Induced Granulomatous Panniculitis. Nelson Lee Novick, MD. Annals of Internal Medicine., Vol 102, No. 2, pp. 206-207
Funded By: Mt. Sinai Medical Center; New York
Conclusion/Findings: This report describes the first confirmed case of aspartame-induced granulomatous panniculitis
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.annals.org/content/102/2/206.short
Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Aspartame: Methanol and the Public Health. Woodrow C.Monte. Journal Applied Nutrition 36(1):42-54
Funded By
Conclusion/Findings: Consumption of aspartame sweetened drinks at levels commonly used to replace lost fluid during exercise yields methanol intake between 15 and 100 times normal intakes.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.dorway.com/wmonte.txt
Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Excitoxins: A Possible New Mechanism for the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Retinal Damage, George H. Bresnick, Archives of Opthalmology, 1989; 107(3):339-341
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that aspartame is a possible mechanism to cause retinal damage.
Hyperlink to Study: http://archopht.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/summary/107/3/339
Year published: 1987
Full reference: Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Normal Adults Administered Aspartame in Capsules or Solution: Lack of Bioequivalence, Lewis D. Stegin, L.J. Filer Jr, E.F. Bell, and E.E. Ziegler, Metabolism Volume 36, Issue 5 May 1987, Pages 507-512
Funded by: Supported in part by a grant-in-aid from G.D. Searle
Conclusion/Findings: The data indicate different plasma phenylalanine and aspartate pharmacokinetics between aspartame in solution and capsule administration of aspartame. Peak plasma phenylalanine levels were significantly higher and were reached significantly earlier when aspartame was administered in solution than when it was administered in capsules. Administration in solution also produced a significantly higher ratio of plasma phenylalanine concentration to the sum of the plasma concentrations of the other large neutral amino acids. Similarly, peak plasma aspartate concentrations were significantly higher and were reached significantly earlier when aspartame was administered in solution.
Hyperlink to study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3574137
Year published: 1984
Full reference: Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use, MK Bradstock, MK Serdula, JS Marks, RJ Barnard, NT Crane, PL Remington and FL Trowbridge, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, November 1984, Vol 43, 464-469
Funded by: Division of Nutrition, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Centers for Disease Control
Conclusion/Findings: In some case reports, the symptoms may be attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed amounts
Hyperlink to study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/3/464
Health Problem: Seizures/Convulsions
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Possible Neurologic Effects of Aspartame, a Widely Used Food Additive; Timothy J. Maher and Richard J. Wurtman. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 75, pp 53-57, 1987
Funded By: MIT and Federal Government
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that aspartame can induce seizures
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1474447/pdf/envhper00434-0053.pdf
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Interspecies and Interstrain Studies on the Increased Susceptibility to Metrazol-Induced Convulsions in Animals given Aspartame, L. Diomede, M. Romano, et al, Milan, Italy, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 29, Issue 2, 1991; pp. 101-106
Funded By: Istituto di Richerche, Milan, Italy
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that they are more susceptible to convulsions when given higher doses of aspartame
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2010138
Letters and Other Commentary from Health Sources
Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: Emerging Facts about Aspartame. Dr. J. Barua, Dr. A Bal. Journal of the Diabetic Association of India. 1995; Vol. 35, No. 4
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Cites numerous studies showing dangers of aspartame
Hyperlink to Study: http://basichealthinfo.weebly.com/uploads/4/2/5/9/425984/article-on-aspartame.pdf
Year Published: 2004
Full Reference: Aspartame: An FDA-Approved Epidemic, HJ Roberts, Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research.
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Cites thousands of consumer complaints to the FDA that include serious adverse events, that the FDA and CDC refused to acknowledge as substantive.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.aspartame.ca/epidemic-s3.pdf
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Recurrent Vulvovaginitis Resulting from Heavy Dietary Use of Aspartame, Strathman I, The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 1991 Aug;36(8):572
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: (This is a letter; title implies that vulvovaginitis was triggered by heavy use of aspartame)
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1941798
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Interaction of Aspartame and Carbohydrates in an Eating Disordered Patient. Ferguson A Jr. A Letter in the American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985, Feb. 142(2):271
Funded By: Not applicable
Conclusion/Findings: Reports a clinical case where aspartame combined with carbohydrates causes headaches and other symptoms typical of elevated CNS level of tyrosine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/142/2/271a.pdf
Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: A Health Alert: Emerging Facts About Aspartame, Dr. J Barua, Dr. A Bal, The Journal of the Diabetic Association of India, 1995: Vol. 35, No. 4
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: This article summarizes a number of other people’s studies on aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://smfi.is/media/misc/article-on-aspartame.pdf
Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Cause of Allgeric Reactions, Including Anaphylaxis, Archives of Internal Medicine, 1996; 156(9):1027
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Letter arguing that aspartame should have been included as a causative agent of allergic reactions. Cites FDA 7,300-person database of complaints.
Hyperlink to Study: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/summary/156/9/1027-a
Year Published: Updated April 23, 2008
Full Reference: Is Aspartame Safe? From an FDA Q&A about aspartame
Funded By: Not applicable
Conclusion/Findings: While denying that aspartame is an allergen, the FDA says: However, certain people with the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU), those with advanced liver disease, and pregnant women with hyperphenylalanine (high levels of phenylalanine in blood) have a problem with aspartame because they do not effectively metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, one of aspartame's components. High levels of this amino acid in body fluids can cause brain damage. Therefore, FDA has ruled that all products containing aspartame must include a warning to phenylketonurics that the sweetener contains phenylalanine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://answers.hhs.gov/questions/3011
Year published:
Full reference: Scientific Abuse in Methanol/Formaldehyde Research Related to Aspartame
Funded by: no funding
Conclusion/Findings: Exposes studies “proving” safety of aspartame as deceptive, erroneous, and based on industry research using outdated plasma methanol measuring tests. No date of publication.
Hyperlink to Study: http://thetruthaboutstuff.com/pdf/%2847%29%20Scientific%20Abuse%20in%20Methanol.pdf
Full Reference: A Metabolite of Aspartame Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Grobelny D, Galardy RE. Biochemical & BioPhysical Research Communications. 1985: 128(2):960-964.
Funded By: University of Kentucky
Conclusion/Findings: Possibility exists that consuming large amounts of aspartame inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986632
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Serum Methanol Concentrations in Rats and in Men after a Single Dose of Aspartame," Davoli, E., et al., 1986. Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 187-189
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Both treatments caused a temporary rise in serum methanol. Methanol is a highly toxic alcohol commonly found in automobile windshield washer solvent, gas line antifreeze, copy machine fluid, fuel for small stoves, paint strippers, and as an industrial solvent.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3957170
Year Published: 1977
Full Reference: Effect of a Dipeptide, Aspartame, on Lactic Acid Production in Human Whole Saliva. Y. Mishiro and H. Kaneko. Journal of Dental Research, 1977 56(11):1427
Funded By: Nippon Dental University, Japan
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame affects levels of saliva lactation and pH levels.
Hyperlink to Study: http://jdr.sagepub.com/content/56/11/1427.full.pdf
Year Published: 2010
Full Reference: Intake of Artificially Sweetened Soft Drinks and Risk of Preterm Delivery: a Prospective Cohort Study of 59,334 Danish Pregnant Women. Halldorsson TI, Strom M, Petersen SB, Olsen SF, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 30, 2010
Funded By: Center for Fetal Programming, Division of Epidemiology, Statens serum Institute, Denmark
Conclusion/Findings: There was an association between intake of artificially sweetened carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and an increased risk of preterm delivery.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592133
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Effects of Oral Aspartame on Plasma Phenylalanine in Humans and Experimental Rodents, RJ Wurtman and TJ Maher. Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol. 70, Nos. 1-2, March 1987, pp. 169-173
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame causes greater elevations in plasma phenylalanine than plasma tyrosine in humans.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.springerlink.com/content/l148w94568vt33hw/
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Acute Effects of Aspartame on Systolic Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. P.J. Kiritsy and T.J. Maher. Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol 66, No. 2, June 1986, pp 121-128
Funded By: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Science, Boston
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame elevates blood and brain tyrosine levels, and cause neurochemical changes that lead to tyrosine-induced drop in blood pressure.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p33231m752721l5x/?p=41116b2cb5284004987aaa24f8a945c9&pi=37
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Aspartame-Induced Uricaria. Anthony Kulczycki Jr., M.D. Annals of Internal Medicine. Feb. 1, 1986. Volv 104. No 2. pp. 207-208
Funded By: Grant support NIH.
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame-induced urticaria confirmed by double-blind challenge.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.annals.org/content/104/2/207.extract
Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Behavioral Assessment of the Toxicity of Aspartame, Mark D. Holder, Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, Vol. 32, pp. 17-26
Funded By: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Conclusion/Findings: Found that aspartame may have adverse effects when intrapeitoneally injected.
Hyperlink to Study: http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msrazy/PDF/HolderPBB89.pdf
Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Impaired Performance on Odor-Aversion Testing Following Prenatal Aspartame Exposure in the Guinea Pig, Diana L. Dow-Edwards, Louise A. Scribani and Edward P. Riley, Neuurotoxicity and Teratology, Vol. 11, Issue 4, July-August 1989, pp. 413-416
Funded By: Dept. of Neurosurgery State University, New York
Conclusion/Findings: These data indicate that aspartame exposure at 500 mg/kg throughout gestation disrupts odor-associative learning in 15-day-old guinea pigs.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2796897
Year Published: 2006
Full Reference: Aspartame Products as a Potential Danger to Infants, Children & Future Generations, Dr. HJ Roberts, director, Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame causes a variety of disease in children including headaches, convulsions, unexplained visual loss, rashes, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, obesity, marked weight loss, hypoglycemia, diabetes, addiction (probably largely due to the methyl alcohol), hyperthyroidism, and a host of neuropsychiatric features. The latter include extreme fatigue, irritability, hyperactivity, depression, antisocial behavior (including suicide), poor school performance, the deterioration of intelligence, and brain tumors.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.rense.com/general70/duut.htm
Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Plasma Amino Acid Levels After Single Dose Aspartame Consumption in Phenylketonuria Mild II Hyperphenylalaninemia and Heterozygous State for Phenylkeonuria. The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 668-671, October 1986.Benjamin Caballero, Barbara E. Mahon, Frances J. Rohr, Harvey L. Levy, and Richard J. Wurtman. M.D
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Plasma phenylalanine concentrations may increase to unacceptable levels when patients with PKU on phenylalanine-restricted diets consume aspartame-containing soft drinks or after loading doses of the sweetener
Hyperlink to Study: http://wurtmanlab.mit.edu/static/pdf/673.pdf
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Aspartame-Induced Granulomatous Panniculitis. Nelson Lee Novick, MD. Annals of Internal Medicine., Vol 102, No. 2, pp. 206-207
Funded By: Mt. Sinai Medical Center; New York
Conclusion/Findings: This report describes the first confirmed case of aspartame-induced granulomatous panniculitis
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.annals.org/content/102/2/206.short
Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Aspartame: Methanol and the Public Health. Woodrow C.Monte. Journal Applied Nutrition 36(1):42-54
Funded By
Conclusion/Findings: Consumption of aspartame sweetened drinks at levels commonly used to replace lost fluid during exercise yields methanol intake between 15 and 100 times normal intakes.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.dorway.com/wmonte.txt
Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Excitoxins: A Possible New Mechanism for the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Retinal Damage, George H. Bresnick, Archives of Opthalmology, 1989; 107(3):339-341
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that aspartame is a possible mechanism to cause retinal damage.
Hyperlink to Study: http://archopht.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/summary/107/3/339
Year published: 1987
Full reference: Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Normal Adults Administered Aspartame in Capsules or Solution: Lack of Bioequivalence, Lewis D. Stegin, L.J. Filer Jr, E.F. Bell, and E.E. Ziegler, Metabolism Volume 36, Issue 5 May 1987, Pages 507-512
Funded by: Supported in part by a grant-in-aid from G.D. Searle
Conclusion/Findings: The data indicate different plasma phenylalanine and aspartate pharmacokinetics between aspartame in solution and capsule administration of aspartame. Peak plasma phenylalanine levels were significantly higher and were reached significantly earlier when aspartame was administered in solution than when it was administered in capsules. Administration in solution also produced a significantly higher ratio of plasma phenylalanine concentration to the sum of the plasma concentrations of the other large neutral amino acids. Similarly, peak plasma aspartate concentrations were significantly higher and were reached significantly earlier when aspartame was administered in solution.
Hyperlink to study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3574137
Year published: 1984
Full reference: Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use, MK Bradstock, MK Serdula, JS Marks, RJ Barnard, NT Crane, PL Remington and FL Trowbridge, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, November 1984, Vol 43, 464-469
Funded by: Division of Nutrition, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Centers for Disease Control
Conclusion/Findings: In some case reports, the symptoms may be attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed amounts
Hyperlink to study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/3/464
Health Problem: Seizures/Convulsions
Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Possible Neurologic Effects of Aspartame, a Widely Used Food Additive; Timothy J. Maher and Richard J. Wurtman. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 75, pp 53-57, 1987
Funded By: MIT and Federal Government
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that aspartame can induce seizures
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1474447/pdf/envhper00434-0053.pdf
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Interspecies and Interstrain Studies on the Increased Susceptibility to Metrazol-Induced Convulsions in Animals given Aspartame, L. Diomede, M. Romano, et al, Milan, Italy, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 29, Issue 2, 1991; pp. 101-106
Funded By: Istituto di Richerche, Milan, Italy
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that they are more susceptible to convulsions when given higher doses of aspartame
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2010138
Letters and Other Commentary from Health Sources
Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: Emerging Facts about Aspartame. Dr. J. Barua, Dr. A Bal. Journal of the Diabetic Association of India. 1995; Vol. 35, No. 4
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Cites numerous studies showing dangers of aspartame
Hyperlink to Study: http://basichealthinfo.weebly.com/uploads/4/2/5/9/425984/article-on-aspartame.pdf
Year Published: 2004
Full Reference: Aspartame: An FDA-Approved Epidemic, HJ Roberts, Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research.
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Cites thousands of consumer complaints to the FDA that include serious adverse events, that the FDA and CDC refused to acknowledge as substantive.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.aspartame.ca/epidemic-s3.pdf
Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Recurrent Vulvovaginitis Resulting from Heavy Dietary Use of Aspartame, Strathman I, The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 1991 Aug;36(8):572
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: (This is a letter; title implies that vulvovaginitis was triggered by heavy use of aspartame)
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1941798
Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Interaction of Aspartame and Carbohydrates in an Eating Disordered Patient. Ferguson A Jr. A Letter in the American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985, Feb. 142(2):271
Funded By: Not applicable
Conclusion/Findings: Reports a clinical case where aspartame combined with carbohydrates causes headaches and other symptoms typical of elevated CNS level of tyrosine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/142/2/271a.pdf
Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: A Health Alert: Emerging Facts About Aspartame, Dr. J Barua, Dr. A Bal, The Journal of the Diabetic Association of India, 1995: Vol. 35, No. 4
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: This article summarizes a number of other people’s studies on aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://smfi.is/media/misc/article-on-aspartame.pdf
Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Cause of Allgeric Reactions, Including Anaphylaxis, Archives of Internal Medicine, 1996; 156(9):1027
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Letter arguing that aspartame should have been included as a causative agent of allergic reactions. Cites FDA 7,300-person database of complaints.
Hyperlink to Study: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/summary/156/9/1027-a
Year Published: Updated April 23, 2008
Full Reference: Is Aspartame Safe? From an FDA Q&A about aspartame
Funded By: Not applicable
Conclusion/Findings: While denying that aspartame is an allergen, the FDA says: However, certain people with the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU), those with advanced liver disease, and pregnant women with hyperphenylalanine (high levels of phenylalanine in blood) have a problem with aspartame because they do not effectively metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, one of aspartame's components. High levels of this amino acid in body fluids can cause brain damage. Therefore, FDA has ruled that all products containing aspartame must include a warning to phenylketonurics that the sweetener contains phenylalanine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://answers.hhs.gov/questions/3011
Year published:
Full reference: Scientific Abuse in Methanol/Formaldehyde Research Related to Aspartame
Funded by: no funding
Conclusion/Findings: Exposes studies “proving” safety of aspartame as deceptive, erroneous, and based on industry research using outdated plasma methanol measuring tests. No date of publication.
Hyperlink to Study: http://thetruthaboutstuff.com/pdf/%2847%29%20Scientific%20Abuse%20in%20Methanol.pdf
Health Problem: Cancer
Year published: 2010
Full reference:Aspartame administered in feed, beginning prenatally through life span, induces cancers of the liver and lung in male Swiss mice. American Journal of Industrial Medicine December 2010; 53(12): 1197-1206
Conclusion/Findings:The results of the present study confirm that [aspartame] is a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites in rodents, and that this effect is induced in two species, rats (males and females) and mice (males). Autopsies revealed a significantly increased risk of liver and lung cancer.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886530
Full reference:Aspartame administered in feed, beginning prenatally through life span, induces cancers of the liver and lung in male Swiss mice. American Journal of Industrial Medicine December 2010; 53(12): 1197-1206
Conclusion/Findings:The results of the present study confirm that [aspartame] is a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites in rodents, and that this effect is induced in two species, rats (males and females) and mice (males). Autopsies revealed a significantly increased risk of liver and lung cancer.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886530
This list was composed by Dr. Mercola.
( Original one here. )
This Doctor Mercola might be biased... These 67 studies all seems to suggest negative side efects...
I'll have to look for Peer Reviewed Studies in Support of Aspartame...
... google.....
....google.....
...bing...
.....google.....
That was about 20 minutes,
Look what i found!
"SURVEY OF ASPARTAME STUDIES: CORRELATION OF OUTCOME AND FUNDING SOURCES "
Ralph G. Walton, M.D.
Chairman
The Center for Behavioral Medicine
Forum Health
Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry
Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine
Chairman
The Center for Behavioral Medicine
Forum Health
Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry
Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine
ABSTRACT
Studies of aspartame in the peer reviewed medical literature were surveyed for funding source and study outcome. Of the 166 studies felt to have relevance for questions of human safety, 74 had Nutrasweet® industry related funding and 92 were independently funded. One hundred percent of the industry funded research attested to aspartame's safety, whereas 92% of the independently funded research identified a problem. A bibliography supplied by the Nutrasweet® Company included many studies of questionable validity and relevance, with multiple instances of the same study being cited up to 6 times. Questions are raised both about aspartame's safety and the broader issue of the appropriateness of industry sponsorship of medical research.
INTRODUCTION
Serious questions have been raised about the reliability of industry sponsored studies of the safety of synthetic chemicals. Aspartame, in particular, has been the focus of significant ongoing controversy.
As early as 1970, eleven years prior to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) granting approval for the use of aspartame in dry foods, Olney raised the question of the chemical's potential neurotoxicity and recently suggested a linkage to increasing brain tumor rates. Wurtman has demonstrated that aspartame can significantly increase brain phenylalanine and tyrosine levels, and can suppress the usual increase in tryptophan that follows a carbohydrate rich meal. These neurochemical changes have been linked to numerous adverse clinical events including seizures mood disorders headaches and paradoxical effects on appetite.
Despite these studies suggesting adverse reactions there is extensive literature attesting to aspartame's safety. Allegations have been made that many of the studies supporting the product's safety have been funded by the Nutrasweet® industry, with consequent questions of appropriateness. To date, however, there has been no study correlating outcome with funding source in aspartame related research.
A search of the peer reviewed medical literature, utilizing multiple databases, including Medline, yielded 527 citations on aspartame. Of this number, 165 were felt to have relevance for questions of human safety. The accompanying chart lists these 166 studies, designates the funding source and whether or not an adverse reaction to aspartame was identified.
Seventy-four studies had aspartame related industry sponsorship (Searle, the Nutrasweet® Company, Ajinomoto, or the International Life Sciences Institute Nutrition Foundation) and 91 had non-industry related funding. Some of the studies have multiple funding sources. If an aspartame related industry was one of the sources, the study was considered industry-sponsored.
Studies of aspartame in the peer reviewed medical literature were surveyed for funding source and study outcome. Of the 166 studies felt to have relevance for questions of human safety, 74 had Nutrasweet® industry related funding and 92 were independently funded. One hundred percent of the industry funded research attested to aspartame's safety, whereas 92% of the independently funded research identified a problem. A bibliography supplied by the Nutrasweet® Company included many studies of questionable validity and relevance, with multiple instances of the same study being cited up to 6 times. Questions are raised both about aspartame's safety and the broader issue of the appropriateness of industry sponsorship of medical research.
INTRODUCTION
Serious questions have been raised about the reliability of industry sponsored studies of the safety of synthetic chemicals. Aspartame, in particular, has been the focus of significant ongoing controversy.
As early as 1970, eleven years prior to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) granting approval for the use of aspartame in dry foods, Olney raised the question of the chemical's potential neurotoxicity and recently suggested a linkage to increasing brain tumor rates. Wurtman has demonstrated that aspartame can significantly increase brain phenylalanine and tyrosine levels, and can suppress the usual increase in tryptophan that follows a carbohydrate rich meal. These neurochemical changes have been linked to numerous adverse clinical events including seizures mood disorders headaches and paradoxical effects on appetite.
Despite these studies suggesting adverse reactions there is extensive literature attesting to aspartame's safety. Allegations have been made that many of the studies supporting the product's safety have been funded by the Nutrasweet® industry, with consequent questions of appropriateness. To date, however, there has been no study correlating outcome with funding source in aspartame related research.
A search of the peer reviewed medical literature, utilizing multiple databases, including Medline, yielded 527 citations on aspartame. Of this number, 165 were felt to have relevance for questions of human safety. The accompanying chart lists these 166 studies, designates the funding source and whether or not an adverse reaction to aspartame was identified.
Seventy-four studies had aspartame related industry sponsorship (Searle, the Nutrasweet® Company, Ajinomoto, or the International Life Sciences Institute Nutrition Foundation) and 91 had non-industry related funding. Some of the studies have multiple funding sources. If an aspartame related industry was one of the sources, the study was considered industry-sponsored.
DATE | INDUSTRY SPONSORED RESEARCH |
FUNDING SOURCE |
ADVERSE REACTION IDENTIFIED | SAFETY OF ASPARTAME SUPPORTED |
1976 | Koch R, Schaeffler G, Shaw NF. Results of Loading Doses of Aspartame by two Phenylketonuric (PKU) Children Compared with two Normal Children. J Toxicol Environ Health 1976;2(2):459-469. | Searle | X | |
1976 | Stern SB, Bleicher SJ, Flores A, et al. Administration of Aspartame in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics, J Toxicol Environ Health 1976;2:429-439. | Searle | X | |
1976 | Knopp RH, Brandt K, Arky RA. Effects of Aspartame in Young Persons During Weight Reduction. J Toxicol Environ Health 1976;2:417-428. | Searle | X | |
1976 | Frey GH. Use of Aspartame By Apparently Healthy Children and Adolescents. J Toxicol Environ Health 1976;2:401-415. | Searle | X | |
1976 | Koch R, Shaw KN, Williamson M, Haber M. Use of Aspartame in Phenylketonuric Heterozygous Adults. J Toxicol Environ Health 1976;2(2):453-7. | Searle | X | |
1977 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Effect of Aspartame and Aspartate Loading Upon Plasma and Erythrocyte Free Amino Acid Levels in Normal Adult Volunteers. J Nutr 1977;107:1837-1845. | Searle | X | |
1979 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Plasma, Erythrocyte and Human Milk Levels of Free Amino Acids in Lactating Women Administered Aspartame or Lactose. J Nutr 1979;109:2173-2181. | Searle | X | |
1980 | Potts WJ, Bloss JL, Nutting EF. Biological Properties of Aspartame-Evaluation of Central Nervous System Effects. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980;3(5-6):341-353. | Searle | X | |
1980 | Saunders FJ, Pautsch WF, Nutting EF. The Biological Properties of Aspartame. IV. Examination for Endocrine Like Activities. J Exper Pathol Toxicol 1980;3:363-373. | Searle | X | |
1980 | Lennon HD, Metcalf LE, Mares SE. The Biological Properties of Aspartame. IV. Effects on Reproduction and Lactation. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980;3:375-386. | Searle | X | |
1980 | Bianchi RG, Muir ET, Cook DL, Nutting EF et al. The Biological Properties of Aspartame. III. Actions Involving the Gastrointestinal System, J. Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980;3:355-362. | Searle | X | |
1980 | Aspinall RL, Saunders RN, Pautsch WF, Nutting SF. The Biological Properties of Aspartame: Effects on a Variety of Physiological Parameters Related to Inflammation and Metabolism. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980 Jun-Jul;3(5-6):387-95. | Searle | X | |
1981 | Stegink LD, Brummel MC, McMartin K, et al. Blood Methanol Concentrations in Normal Adult Subjects Administered Abuse Doses of Aspartame. J Toxicol Environ Health 1981;7:281-290. | Searle | X | |
1981 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Plasma and Erythrocyte Concentrations of Free Amino Acids in Adult Humans Administered Abuse Doses of Aspartame. J Toxicol Environ Health 1981;7:291-305 | Searle | X | |
1981 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Effect of Aspartame and Sucrose Loading in Glutamate-Susceptible Subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(9):1899-1905. | Searle | X | |
1981 | Ishii H. Incidence of Brain Tumors in Rats Fed Aspartame. Toxicology Letters 1981;7:433-437. |
Ajinomoto & Searle |
X | |
1981 | Ishii H, Koshimizu T, Usami S, Fujimoto T. Toxicity of Aspartame and its Diketopiperazine for Wistar Rats by Dietary Administration for 104 weeks. Toxicology 1981;21:91-94. |
Ajinomoto & Searle |
X | |
1982 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Effect of Aspartame Plus Monosodium L-Glutamate Ingestion on Plasma and Erythrocyte Amino Acid Levels in Normal Adult Subjects Fed a High Protein Meal. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:1145-1152. | Searle | X | |
1983 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Normal Adults Fed Meals with Added Monosodium L-Glutamate and Aspartame. J Nutr 1983;113:1851-1860. | Searle | X | |
1983 | Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL, Stegink LD. Effect of Aspartame Loading on Plasma and Erythrocyte Free Amino Acid Concentrations in One Year Old Infants. J Nutr 1983;113:1591-1599. | General Foods Corp. |
X | |
1983 | Stegink LD, Brummel MC, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Blood Methanol Concentrations in One-Year Old Infants Administered Graded Doses of Aspartame. J Nutr 1983;113:1600-1606. | General Foods Corp. |
X | |
1984 | Roak-Foltz and Leveille. Projected Aspartame Intake: Daily Ingestion of Aspartic Acid, Phenylalanine, and Methanol. In: Stegink L, Filer L (eds). Aspartame: Physiology and Biochemistry, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1984. | Searle | X | |
1985 | Sturtevant F. Does Aspartame Cause Methanol Toxicity. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 163-168. | Searle | X | |
1985 | Nehrling JK, Kobe P, McLane MP, et al. Aspartame Use by Persons with Diabetes. Diabetes Care 1985;8:415-17. | Searle | X | |
1985 | Gaull GE. Aspartame and Seizures. Lancet 1985;2(8469-70):1431 | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1986 | Torii K, Mimura T, Takasaki Y, Ichimura M. Dietary Aspartame with Protein on Plasma and Brain Amino Acids, Brain Monoamines and Behavior in Rats. Physiol Behav 1986;36(4):765-72. | Ajinomoto | X | |
1986 | Torii K, Mimura T, Takasaki Y, Ichimura M. Effect of Mealing on Plasma and Brain Amino Acid, and Brain Monoamine in Rats after Oral Aspartame. Physiol Behav 1986;36(4):759-64. | Ajinomoto | X | |
1986 | Szucs EF, Barrett KE, Metcalfe DD. The Effect of Aspartame on Mast Cells and Basophils. Food Chem Toxic 1986;24(2):171-174 |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1987 | Schiffman SS, Buckley CE 3rd Sampson HA. Aspartame and Susceptibility to Headache. N Engl J Med 1987;317(19):1181-1185. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1987 | Ryan-Harshman M, Leiter LA, Anderson GH. Phenylalanine and Aspartame Fail to Alter Feeding Behavior, Mood and Arousal in Men. Physiology and Behavior 1987;39:247-253. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1987 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Baker GL. Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Normal Adults Ingesting Aspartame and Monosodium L-Glutamate as Part of a Soup/Beverage Meal. Metabolism 1987;36(11):1073-1079. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1987 | Cho ES, Coon JD, Stegink LD. Plasma and Urine Diketopiperazine Concentrations in Normal Adults Ingesting Large Quantities of Aspartame. Food Chem Toxicol 1987;25(7):499-504. | Searle | X | |
1988 | Kanders BS, Lavin PT, Kowalchuck M, et al. An Evaluation of the Effect of Aspartame on Weight Loss. Appetite 1988;Volume II(Suppl 1):73-84. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1988 | Shaywitz, et. al. Effects of Aspartame on Seizures in Children. In: Wurtman, Ritter-Walker (eds.) Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston:Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 163-168. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1988 | Leiter, et. al., Effects of Phenylalanine and Aspartame on Mealtime Food Intake and Behavior in Adult Males. In: Wurtman, Ritter-Walker (eds.) Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston:Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 296-299. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1988 | Keybach and Allen, Resources for Inferential Estimates of Aspartame Intake in the United States. In: Wurtman, Ritter-Walker (eds.) Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston:Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 365-372. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1988 | Jobe and Dailey. Role of Monoamines in Seizure Predisposition in the Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rat. In: Wurtmann and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston:Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 127-130. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1988 | Horwitz DL, McLane M, Cobe P. Response to Single Dose of Aspartame or Saccharin by NIDDM Patients. Diabetes Care 1988;2:230-34. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | McAnulty PA, Collier MJ, Enticott J, et al. Absence of Development Effects in CFI Mice Exposed to Aspartame in Utero. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1989 Aug;13(2):296-302. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Reilly MA, Debler EA, Fleischer A. Lack of Effect of Chronic Aspartame Ingestion on Aminergic Receptors in Rat Brain. Biochem Pharmacol 1989;38(23):433904361. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Bell EF, Ziegler EE, Tephly TR. Effect of Repeated Ingestion of Aspartame-Sweetened Beverage on Plasma Amino Acid, Blood Methanol and Blood Formate Concentration in Normal Adults. Metabolism 1989;38(4):357-363. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Bell EF, et al. Repeated Ingestion of Aspartame-Sweetened Beverage: Effect on Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Individuals Heterozygous for Phenylketonuria. Metabolism 1989;38(1):78-84. | Searle | X | |
1989 | Gupta V, Cochran C, Parker TF, et al. Effect of Aspartame on Plasma Amino Acid Profiles of Diabetic Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:1302-6. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Leon AS, Hunninghake DB, Bell C, et al. Safety of Long-term Large Doses of Aspartame. Arch Intern Med 1989;149(10):2318-24. | Searle | X | |
1989 | Dailey JW, Lasley SM, Mishra PK, et al. Aspartame Fails to Facilitate Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Convulsions in CD-1 Mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989;98:475-486. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Anderson GH, Saravis S, Schacher R. Zlotein S, Leiter LA et al. Aspartame: Effect on Lunch Time Food Intake Appetite and Hedonic Response in Children. Appetite 1989;13:93-103. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1989 | Holder MD. Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Aspartame on Rat Pups. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 1989;11(1):1-6. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Cain DP, Boon F, Bevan M. Failure of Aspartame to Affect Seizure Susceptibility in Kindled Rats. Neuropharmacology 1989;28(4):433-435. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1989 | Carlson HE, Shaw JH. Aspartame and its Constituent Amino Acids: Effect on Prolactin, Cortisol, Growth Hormone, Insulin and Glucose in Normal Humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49(3):427-432 | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1990 | Saravis S, Schachar R, Zlotkin S, Leiter LA, Anderson GH. Aspartame: Effects on Learning Behavior and Mood. Pediatrics 1990;86(1):75-83. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1990 | Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr, Bell EF, et al. Repeated Ingestion of Aspartame-Sweetened Beverages: Further Observations in Individuals Heterozygous for Phenylketonuria. Metabolism 1990;39(10):1076-1081. | Searle | X | |
1990 | Lapierre KA, Greenblatt DJ, Goddard JE, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. The Neuropsychiatric Effects of Aspartame in Normal Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1990:30(5):454-460. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1990 | Burns TS, Starget WW, Hurwitz A. Bioavailability of Phenylalanine and Aspartame from Aspartame (20 mg/kg) in Capsules and Solution. Metabolism 1990;39(11):1200-3 | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1991 | Koeppe RA, Shulkion BL, Rosenspire KC. Effect of Aspartame-Derived Phenylalanine on Neutral Amino Acid Uptake in Human Brain: A Positron Emission Tomography Study. J Neurochem 1991;1526-1535. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1991 | Garriga MM, Berkebile C, Metcalfe DD. A Combined Single - Blind, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Reproducibility of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Aspartame. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991 April;87(4):821-7. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1991 | Mullenix PJ, Tassinari MS, Schunior A, Kernan WJ. No Change in Spontaneous Behavior of Rats After Oral Doses of Aspartame, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991; 16(3):495-505. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1991 | Moser RH. Aspartame. South Med J 1991;84(12):1509-10. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1991 | Daily JW, Lasley SM, Burger RL, et al. Amino Acids, Monoamines and Audiogenic Seizures in Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats: Effects of Aspartame. Epilepsy Res 1991;8:122-133. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1991 | Fernstrom JD, Fernstrom MH, Massoudi MS. In Vivo Tyrosine Hydroxylation in Rat Retina: Effect of Aspartame Ingestion in Rats Pretreated with P-Chlorophenylalanine. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(4):923-9. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1991 | Burns TS, Stargel WW, Tschanz C, Kotsonis PN, Hurwitz A, et al. Aspartame and Sucrose Produce a Similar Increase in the Plasma Phenylalanine to Large Neutral Amino Acid Ratio in Healthy Subjects. Pharmacology 1991;43:210-219. | Nutra sweet |
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1991 | Butchko HH, Kotsonis FN. Acceptable Daily Intake vs. Actual Intake: The Aspartame Example. J Am Coll Nutr 1991;10(3):258-266. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1992 | Hjelle JJ, Dudley RE, Marietta MP, et al. Plasma Concentrations and Pharmacokinetics of Phenylalanine in Rats and Mice Administered Aspartame. Pharmacology 1992;44(1):48-60. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1993 | Karstaedt PJ, Pincus JH. Aspartame Use in Parkinson's Disease. Neurology 1993;43(3 pt 1):611-613. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1993 | Geha R, Buckley CE, Greenberger P, et al. Aspartame is no More Likely than Placebo to Cause Urticaria/Angioedema: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:513-20. | Nutra sweet |
X | |
1993 | Hertelendy ZI, Mendenhall CL, Rouster SD, Marshall L, Weesner R. Biochemical and Clinical Effects of Aspartame in Patients with Chronic, Stable Alcoholic and Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88(5):737-743. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Trefz F, deSonneville L, Matthis P, et al. Neuropsychological and Biochemical Investigations in Heterozygotes for Phenylketonuria During Ingestion of High Dose Aspartame. Human Genetics 1994;93:369-374. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Shaywitz BA., Anderson GM, Novotny EJ, et al. Aspartame has no Effect on Seizures or Epileptiform Discharges in E pileptic Children. Ann Neurol 1994;35:98-103. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Shaywitz BA, Sullivan CM, Anderson GM, et al. Aspartame, Behavior, and Cognitive Function in Children With Attention Deficit Disorder. Pediatrics 1994;93:70-75. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Wolraich Ml, Lindgren SD, Stumbo PJ, et al. Effects of Diets High in Sucrose or Aspartame on the Behavior and Cognitive Performance of Children. N Engl J Med 1994;330(5):301-307. |
Intl. Life Sciences |
X | |
1994 | Drewnowski A, Massein C, Louis-Syulvestre J, et al. Comparing the Effects of Aspartame and Sucrose on Motivational Ratings, Taste Preferences, and Energy Intakes in Humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:338-65. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Moser RH. Aspartame and Memory Loss. JAMA 1994;272(19):1543. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Butchko HH, et al. Postmarketing Surveillance of Food Additives. In: Nutritional Toxicology. Kotsonig, Machky and Jhelle, (eds.) New York: Raven Press Ltd. 1994. | Nutra sweet |
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1994 | Drewnowski A, Massier C, Louis-Sylvestre J, et al. The Effects of Aspartame Versus Sucrose on Motivational Ratings, Taste Preferences, and Energy Intakes in Obese and Lean Women. International Journal of Obesity 1994;18:570-578. | Nutra sweet |
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1995 | Rowan AJ, Shaywitz BA, Tuchman L, et al. Aspartame and Seizure Susceptibility: Results of a Clinical Study in Reportedly Sensitive Individuals. Epilepsia 1995:36(3):270-5. | Nutra sweet |
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DATE | NON-INDUSTRY SPONSORED RESEARCH |
FUNDING SOURCE |
ADVERSE REACTION IDENTIFIED | SAFETY OF ASPARTAME SUPPORTED |
1970 | Olney, Brain Damage in Infant Mice Following Oral Intake of Glutamate, Aspartate or Cysteine. Nature 1970;227:609-610. | Washington University |
X | |
1975 | Olney JW, Aspartame as a Sweetener. NEJM 1975;292(23):1244-1245. | Washington University |
X | |
1977 | Mishiro Y and Keneko H, Effect of a Dipeptide, Aspartame, on Lactic Acid Production in Human Whole Saliva. J Dent Res 1977;56(11):1427. | Nippon Dental University, Tokyo |
X | |
1979 | Brunner RL, Vorhees CV, Kinney L, Butcher RE, et al., Aspartame: Assessment of Developmental Psychotoxicity of a New Artificial Sweetener. Neurobehavioral Toxicology 1979;1:79-86. | USFDA | X | |
1980 | Olney, Brain Damage in Mice from Voluntary Ingestion of Glutamate and Aspartate. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 1980;2:125-129. | Washington University |
X | |
1982 | Uribe, Potential Toxicity of a New Sugar Substitute in Patients with Liver Disease. N Engl J Med 1982;173-174. | Institute National De La Nutrition Mexico |
X | |
1983 | Wurtman, Effects of Aspartame and Glucose on Rat Brain Amino Acids and Serotin. New England Journal of Medicine 1983;309(7):429-430. | M.I.T. | X | |
1983 | Wurtman RJ, Neurological Changes Following High Dose Aspartame with Dietary Carbohydrates. N Engl J Med 1983;309(7):429-430. | M.I.T. | X | |
1984 | Olney, Excitotoxic Food Additives Relevance of Animal Studies to Human Safety. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 1984;6:455-562. | Research Scientist Award MH-38894 |
X | |
1984 | Monte, Aspartame: Methanol and the Public Health. J Appl Nutr 36(1):42-54. | Arizona State University |
X | |
1984 | Yokogoshi H,k Roberts CH, Canballero B, Wuetman RJ, Effects of Aspartame and Glucose Administration on Brain and Plasma Levels of Large Neutral Amino Acids and Brain 5-Hydroxyindoles. Amer J Clin Nutr 1984;40:1-7. | M.I.T. | X | |
1984 | Mahalik MP and Gautieri RF, Reflex Responsiveness of CF-1 Mouse Neonates Following Maternal Aspartame Exposure. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry & Behavior 1984;9(4):385-403. | None Specified |
X | |
1985 | Novick, Aspartame Induced Granulomatous Panniculitis. Ann Int Med 102(2):206-207. | Mt. Sinai Medical Center |
X | |
1985 | Grobelny D and Galardy RE, A Metabolite of Aspartame Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1985; 128(2):960-964. | University of Kentucky |
X | |
1985 | Wurtman, RJ, Aspartame: Possible Effects on Seizure Susceptibility. Lancet 1985;2(8463):1060. | M.I.T. | X | |
1985 | Ferguson JM, Interaction of Aspartame and Carbohydrates in an Eating Disordered Patient. Am J Psych 1985 Feb;142(2):271. | None | X | |
1986 | Kulczycki A Jr., Aspartame Induced Urticaria. Ann Intern Med 1986;104(2):207-208. | N.I.H. | X | |
1986 | Pardridge WM, The Safety of Aspartame [Letter]. JAMA 1986;256(19):2678. | UCLA School of Medicine |
X | |
1986 | Koehler SM, A New Dietary Caution for Migraine Sufferers. Dir in Appl Nut 1986;1:1-7. | Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism U of FL. |
X | |
1986 | Kiritsky PJ and Maher TJ, Acute Effects of Aspartame on Systolic Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Neural Transmission 1986;66(2):121-128. | National Institute of Neurological, Communicative Diseases and Stroke |
X | |
1986 | Yokogoshi H and Wurtman RJ, Acute Effects of Oral or Parenteral Aspartame on Catecholamine Metabolism in Various Regions of Rat Brain. J Nutr 1986;116:356-364. | M.I.T. | X | |
1986 | Walton, Seizure and Mania After High Intake of Aspartame. Psychosomatics 27:218-220. | Chautauqua County Dept of Mental Health |
X | |
1986 | Drake ME, Panic Attacks and Excessive Aspartame Ingestion [Letter]. Lancet 1986;2(8507):631. | None | X | |
1986 | Johns DR, Migrane Provoked by Aspartame. New Eng J Medicine 1986;315(7):456. | None | X | |
1986 | Blundell JE, Hill AJ, Paradoxical Effects of an Intense Sweetener Aspartame on Appetite. Lancet 1986;1(8489):1092-3. | None | X | |
1986 | Caballero B, Mahon BE, Rohr FJ, Levy HL, Wurtman RJ, et. al., Plasma Amino Acid Levels after Single Dose Aspartame Consumption in Phenylketonuria Mild Hyperphenylalaninemia and Heterozygous State for Phenylketonuria. Journal of Pediatrics 1986;109(4):668-671. | National Institute of Neurological, Communicate Diseases and Stroke |
X | |
1986 | Bradstock MK, Serdula MK, Marks IS, et al., Evaluation of Reactions to Food Additives: The Aspartame Experience. AM J Clin Nutr 1986 Mar;43(3):464-9. | Federal Government |
X | |
1986 | Coulombe RA Jr., Sharma RP, Neurobiochemical Alterations Induced by the Artificial Sweetener Aspartame. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986;83(1):79-85. | Utah State University |
X | |
1987 | Wurtman RJ, Aspartame Effects on Brain Serotonin. Am J Clin Nutr 1987 Apr;45(4):799-803. | M.I.T. | X | |
1987 | Maher TJ and Wurtman RJ, Possible Neurologic Effects of Aspartame, a Widely Used Food Additive. Environmental Health Perspectives 1987;75:53-57. | M.I.T. & Federal Government |
X | |
1987 | Drogari E, Smith I, Beasley M, Lloyd JK, Timing of Strict Diet in Relation to Fetal Damage in Maternal Phenylketonuria: An International Collaborative Study by the MRC/DHSS Phenylketonuria Register. Lancet 1987;2(8565):927-30. | Institute of Child Health |
X | |
1987 | Elsas, et al., Changes in Physiological Concentrations of Blood Phenylalanine Produce Changes in Human Brain Function. Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function Birkhauser Boston 1988;187-195. | Emory University |
X | |
1988 | Roberts: Neurological, Psychiatric and Behavioral Reactions to Aspartame in 505 Aspartame Reactors. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 373-376. | Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research |
X | |
1988 | Pinto and Maher, Aspartame, Phenylalanine and Seizures in Experimental Animals. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 95-103. | National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke |
X | |
1988 | Roberts, Reactions Attributed to Aspartame Containing Products: 551 Cases. Journal of Applied Nutrition 1988;40:85-94. | Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research |
X | |
1988 | Roberts, Neurological Psychiatric and Behavioral Reactions to Aspartame in 505 Aspartame Reactors. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 373-376. | None | X | |
1988 | Wurtman and Maher, Calculation of the Aspartame Dose for Rodents that Produces Neurochemical Effects Comparable to Those Occurring in People. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 144-148. | M.I.T. | X | |
1988 | Pinto JM, Mahea TJ, Administration of Aspartame Potentiates Pentylenetetrazole and Fluorothyl-Induced Seizures in Mice. Neuropharmacology 1988;27(1):51-55. | Massachusetts College of Pharmacy |
X | |
1988 | Walton, The Possible Role of Aspartame in Seizure Induction. Proceedings of the first International Conference on Phenylalanine and the Brain. Wurtman RJ, Walker E (eds.), Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism Charitable Trust, Cambridge, 1987. | Chautauqua County Dept of Mental Health |
X | |
1988 | Tollefson L, Monitoring Adverse Reactions to Food Additives in the US Food and Drug Administration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1988;8(4):438-446. | FDA | X | |
1988 | Olney, Excitotoxic Food Additives Functional Teratological Aspects. In Progress in Brain Research, Vol 73 Biochemical Basis of Functional Neuroteratology: Permanent Effects of Chemical on the Developing Brain, edited by Boer, GJ, et al., Elsevier, New York 1988. | Washington University |
X | |
1988 | Tollefson L, Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Aspartame Reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 317-326. | FDA | X | |
1988 | Steinmetzer and Kunkel, Aspartame and Headache [letter]. N Engl J Med 1988;318(18):1201. | Cleveland Clinic | X | |
1988 | Spiers, et al., Aspartame and Human Behavior: Cognitive and Behavioral Observations. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 169-178. | Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism Charitable Trust | X | |
1988 | Sardesai, et. al., Effect of Aspartame in Diabetic Rats. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 265-268. | Wayne State University |
X | |
1988 | Matalon, et. al., Aspartame Consumption in Normal Individuals and Carriers for Phenylketonuria. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 41-52. | N.I.H. and The University of Illinois |
X | |
1988 | Guiso G, Caccia S, Vezzani A, et. al., Effect of Aspartame on Seizures in Various Models of Experimental Epilepsy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1988;96:485-493. | Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea |
X | |
1988 | Johns, Aspartame and Headache. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 303-312. | Johns Hopkins University |
X | |
1988 | Fernstrom, Effects of Aspartame Ingestion on Large Neutral Amino Acids and Monoamine Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 87-96. | N.I.M.H. | X | |
1988 | Maher and Kiritsy, Aspartame Administration Decreases the Entry of Alpha-Methyldopa into the Brain of Rats. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 122-126. | Massachusetts College of Pharmacy |
X | |
1988 | Elsas, Aspartame and Migraine. N Engl J Med 1988;318(18):1201. | Emory University |
X | |
1988 | Kim, et al., The Effect of Aspartame on 50% Convulsion Doses of Lidocaine. In: Wurtman and Ritter-Walker (eds.). Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston: Birkhauser, 1988, pp. 127-130. | Indiana University and Ball State University |
X | |
1988 | Blundell, Effects of Aspartame on Appetite and Food Intake. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function, Wurtman and Ritter-Walker, Editors, 1988;Birkhauser, Boston, 275-295. | University of Leeds |
X | |
1988 | Lipton RB, Newman LC, Cohen JS, Solomon S, Aspartame and Headache. The New England Journal of Medicine 1988 May 5;1200. | Albert Einstein College of Medicine |
X | |
1988 | Lipton, et al., Aspartame as a Dietary Factor in Headache. Neurology 1988;38:356. | National Headache Foundation |
X | |
1988 | Lipton, et al., Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache. Headache 1989;29(2):90-2. | National Headache Foundation |
X | |
1988 | Koehler SM, Glaros A, The Effect of Aspartame on Migraine Headache. Headache 1988;28:10-13. | Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism Charitable Trust & The University of Florida |
X | |
1989 | Potenza DD and el-Mallakh RS, Aspartame: Clinical Update. Conn Med 1989;53(7):395-400. | None | X | |
1989 | Holder MD and Yirmiya R, Behavioral Assessment of the Toxicity of Aspartame. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1989;32:17-26. | N.I.H. | X | |
1989 | Yost DA, Clinical Safety of Aspartame [Review].* AFP 1989 Feb;39(2):201-206. | University of Arizona |
X | |
1989 | Dow-Edwards DL, Scribani LA, Riley EP, et. al., Impaired Performance on Odor-Aversion Testing Following Prenatal Aspartame Exposure in the Guinea Pig. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 1989 Jul-Aug;11(4):413-416. | Laboratory of Cerebral Metabolism, State University of New York. |
X | |
1989 | Dow-Edwards DL, Scribani LA, Riley EP, Impaired Performance on Odor-Aversion Testing Following Prenatal Aspartame Exposure in the Guinea Pig. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1989;11(4):413-6. | State University of N.Y. |
X | |
1989 | Bresnick, Excitotoxins: A Possible New Mechanism for the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Retinal Damage. Arch Opmalmol 1989 Mar;107(3):339-41. | N.I.H. | X | |
1990 | Turdoff MG, and Alleva AM, Oral Stimulation with Aspartame Increases Hunger. Physiology Behavior 1990;47(3):555-9. | None Specified | X | |
1990 | Pan-Hou H, et. al., Effect of Aspartame on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Sensitive L-[3H] Glutamate Binding Sites in Rat Brain Synaptic Membranes. Brain Res 1990;520(1-2):351-353. | Setsunan University |
X | |
1991 | Strathman, Recurrent Vulvovaginitis Resulting From the Heavy Dietary Use of Aspartame. J Reprod Med 1991 Aug;36(8):572. | No Funding | X | |
1991 | Roberts, Does Aspartame Cause Human Brain Cancer. Journal of Advancement in Medicine 4(4):231-241. | None | X | |
1991 | Watts RS, Aspartame, Headaches and Beta Blockers. Headache 1991;31(3):181-2. | None | X | |
1991 | Tilson HA, Hong JS, Sobotka TS, et. al., High Doses of Aspartame have no Effect on Sensorimotor Function or Learning and Memory in Rats. Neurotoxicology & Teratology 1991;13(1):27-35. | FDA | X | |
1991 | McCauliffe DP, Poitras K, et. al., Aspartame-Induced Lobular Panniculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24(2 Pt 1):298-300. | U.S. Air Force |
X | |
1991 | Moller SE, Effect of Aspartame and Protein, Administered in Phenylalanine-Equivalent Doses on Plasma Neutral Amino Acids, Aspartate, Insulin and Glucose in Man. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991;68(5):408-12. | St. Hans Hospital, Denmark |
X | |
1991 | Diomed L, Romano M, Guiso G, et. al., Interspecies and Interstrain Studies on the Increased Susceptibility to Metrazol-Induced Convulsions in Animals given Aspartame. Food & Chem Toxicol 1991;29(2):101-106. | Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy |
X | |
1991 | Guiso, et. al., Effect of Tyrosine on the Potentiation by Aspartame and Phenylalanine of Metrazol-Induced Convulsions in Rats. Food Chem Toxicol 1991 Dec;29(12):855-7. | Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy, Via Eritrea |
X | |
1992 | Tollefson L and Barnard RJ, An Analysis of FDA Passive Surveillance Reports of Seizures Associated with Consumption of Aspartame. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1992;92(5):598-601. | FDA | X | |
1992 | Camfield PR, Camfield CS, Dooley JM, et. al., Aspartame Exacerbates EEG Spike Wave Discharge in Children With Generalized Absence Epilepsy: A Double-Blind Controlled Study. Neurology 1992;42:1000-1003. | Ontario Ministry of Health |
X | |
1992 | Gulya AJ, Sessions RB, Troost TR, et. al., Aspartame and Dizziness: Preliminary Results of a Prospective, Nonblinded, Prevalence and Attempted Cross-over Study. American J of Otology 1992 Sept;13(5):438-42. | Georgetown University |
X | |
1993 | Shephard SE, Wakabayashi K, Nagao M, et. al., Mutagenic Activity of Peptides and the Artificial Sweetener Aspartame After Nitrosation. Food & Chemical Toxicol 1993;31(5):323-9. | National Cancer Center Research Institute Japan |
X | |
1993 | Walton RG, Hudak R, Greenwaite RJ, Adverse Reaction to Aspartame: Double-Blind Challenge in Patients from a Vulnerable Population. Biological Psychiatry 1993;34(1-2):13-17. | Western Reserve Care System |
X | |
1993 | Tollefson L, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Controlled Scientific Studies as Proof of Causation. * Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1993;18:32-43. | FDA | X | |
1993 | Eshel Y and Sarova-Pincus I, Aspartame and Seizures. Neurology 1993;43(10):2154-2155. | None Specified | X | |
1993 | Kasamaki A, Uresawa S, et. al., The Effect of Food Chemicals on Cell Aging of Human Diploid Cells in Vitro Culture. J Toxicol Sci 1993;18(3):143-53. | Sapparo Medical College Japan | X | |
1993 | Meldrum, Amino Acids as Dietary Excitotoxins: A Contribution to Understanding Neurodegenerative Disorders. Brain Res Rev 1993 Sept-Dec;18(3):293-314. | Institute of Psychiatry London |
X | |
1994 | Van Den Eeden SK, Koepsell TD, Langstreth WT Jr, et a., Aspartame Ingestion and Headaches: A randomized Crossover Trial. Neurology 1994;44(10):1787-93. | University of Washington |
X | |
1994 | Stokes AF, Belger A, Banich MT, Bernadine E, et. al., Effects of Alcohol and Chronic Aspartame Ingestion Upon Performance in Aviation Relevant Cognitive Tasks. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 1994;65:7-15. | FDA | X | |
1994 | Olney, Excitotoxins in Foods. Neurotoxicology 1996;15(3):535-544. | Washington University |
X | |
1994 | Gerrard JW, Richardson JS, Donat J, et. al., Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Movement Disorders that are Adverse Reactions to Specific Foods. Int J Neurosci 1994 May;76(1-2):61-9. | University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada |
X | |
1994 | Barua J, Bal A, A Health Alert: Emerging Facts about Aspartame. Jour Diab Assoc India 1995;35(4):92-107. | S. L. Raheja Hospital Bombay |
X | |
1995 | Sonnewald U, Muller T, Unsgaro G, Peterson SB, et. al., Effect of Aspartame on 45 CA Influx and LDH Leakage from Nerve Cells in Culture. Neuroreport 1995 45 CA;6(2);318-320. | Research Council of Norway |
X | |
1995 | Kulczychi A Jr., Aspartame Induced Hives. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1995;95(2):639-40. | Washington University |
X | |
1996 | Roberts HJ, Aspartame as a Cause of Allergic Reactions, Including Anaphylaxis. Arch Intern Med 1996;156(9);1027-8. | Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research |
X | |
1996 | Olney JW, Farber NB, Spitznagel E, Robins L, Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There a Link to Aspartame? Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1996;55(11);1115-1123. | N.I.M.H. | X | |
1998 | Trocho C, Pardo R, Rafecas I, Virgili J, Remesar X, Fernandez-Lopez JA, Alemany M, Formaldehyde Derived From Dietary Aspartame Binds to Tissue Components In Vivo. Life Sciences 1998;63(5);337-349. | Universitat de Barcelona |
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